Pantopique : 07-communication

Un pantopique correspond à la réunion de quelques repères, plus ou moins nombreux, que vous pouvez commenter, compléter, étendre, selon vos propres champs d’expériences, de savoirs, d’enquêtes… - contact@21dialogues21.org

Indéfinition

bar do

repère(s) :

Dans la pensée bouddhique himalayenne, la mort n’est jamais considérée comme une fin absolue. Elle est un passage, une transformation, un moment de transition entre deux états d’existence. Cette période porte un nom : བར་དོ་ bar do, littéralement « l’état intermédiaire ». Souvent réduit au seul intervalle entre la mort et une nouvelle naissance, le Bar do possède en réalité…Lire la suitebar do

Vous pouvez compléter, modifier, améliorer cette indéfinition ou en proposer une autre au regard de vos savoirs, langages, pratiques, histoire… qu’elle soit formulée sur un mode scientifique, culturel, poétique… contact@21dialogues21.org

Indéfinition

bad kan

repère(s) :

Dans la médecine traditionnelle tibétaine, toute vie repose sur un équilibre entre mouvement, chaleur et stabilité. Avec le rlung, le vent, et le mkhris pa, la chaleur, vient le བད་ཀན་ bad kan, généralement traduit par « flegme ». Cette traduction ne rend toutefois qu’imparfaitement la richesse du concept. Le bad kan ne désigne pas seulement un liquide du corps. Il…Lire la suitebad kan

Indéfinition

amchi

repère(s) :

Dans les villages reculés himalayens, avant l’arrivée des dispensaires modernes, une personne incarnait souvent à elle seule la médecine, la pharmacopée et une grande partie de la mémoire thérapeutique locale : l’amchi, appelé en tibétain སྨན་པ་ sman pa, littéralement « celui qui soigne par les remèdes ». Bien plus qu’un médecin au sens occidental, l’amchi est un observateur attentif du…Lire la suiteamchi

Indéfinition

ani

repère(s) :

Lorsque l’on évoque le bouddhisme himalayen, l’image qui vient spontanément à l’esprit est souvent celle des moines vêtus de leurs robes grenat, des grandes salles d’assemblée et des monastères dominant les vallées. Pourtant, une autre présence, plus discrète mais tout aussi essentielle, accompagne la vie spirituelle de l’Himalaya : celle des ཨ་ནི་ ani, les nonnes. Le mot ani signifie simplement…Lire la suiteani

Indéfinition

waka

repère(s) :

Le waka (和歌 littéralement « poème japonais ») désigne la forme classique de la poésie japonaise antérieure à l’influence massive de la poésie chinoise. Le terme servait à distinguer les compositions vernaculaires japonaises (waka) des poèmes écrits en chinois classique (kanshi, 漢詩). À partir de l’époque de Heian, le waka devint la forme poétique par excellence de l’aristocratie de cour.…Lire la suitewaka

Articles

Shoku Nihongi

repère(s) :

Le Shoku Nihongi (続日本紀 « Suite des Chroniques du Japon ») est l’une des principales chroniques historiques officielles du Japon ancien. Il constitue le deuxième ouvrage des Six Histoires Nationales (Rikkokushi, 六国史), ensemble de chroniques commandées par la cour impériale. Compilé en 797 sous le règne de l’empereur Kanmu (桓武天皇, Kanmu Tennō), il poursuit le récit historique commencé dans le…Lire la suiteShoku Nihongi

Articles

Bouddhisme mahāyāna

repère(s) :

Le bouddhisme mahāyāna (skt. महायान, « Grand Véhicule ») constitue l’un des principaux courants du bouddhisme. Apparue en Inde vers le début de notre ère, cette tradition se distingue du Theravāda (pāli « Doctrine des Anciens ») par l’importance qu’elle accorde à l’idéal du bodhisattva (skt. बोधिसत्त्व), être animé par la compassion qui renonce à son entrée définitive dans le…Lire la suiteBouddhisme mahāyāna

Articles

Nokogiri-yane-koujou

repère(s) :

The “sawtooth-roofed factories” (Nokogiri-yane-koujou | ノコギリ屋根工場) are among Kiryu’s architectural landmarks. Their distinctive silhouette is the result of an ingenious adaptation to the needs of the modern textile industry. The north-facing glass walls provide the steady light essential for thread work and fabric inspection. In Kiryu, these buildings became ubiquitous during the period of industrial expansion in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They embody a convergence of architecture, production, and artisanal craftsmanship. While large chimneys often symbolize Western industry, the sawtooth roofs here represent a different image of modern manufacturing. Their preservation in the urban landscape still allows us today to understand the city’s economic organization. These buildings are to Kiryu what the spinning mills are to Manchester or the canuts to Lyon.Lire la suiteNokogiri-yane-koujou

Articles

Nihon no hatadokoro

repère(s) :

The phrase 日本の機どころ (Nihon no hatadokoro), often translated as “Japan’s weaving country” or “Japan’s city of looms,” is closely associated with Kiryu. It features prominently in Gunma’s popular culture and encapsulates several centuries of textile specialization. This phrase does not refer to a specific product but to a collective reputation. It expresses the idea that an entire region can be identified with a technical skill. Many cities around the world have been defined by a dominant industry: silk in Lyon, wool in Bradford, carpets in Isfahan. Kiryu belongs to this family of cities whose identity has become inseparable from a productive craft. The phrase serves as a condensed memory of several generations of artisans, merchants, and industrialists. It represents a true cultural motto of the city.Lire la suiteNihon no hatadokoro

Articles

Guide Michelin

repère(s) :

The Michelin Guide was launched at the turn of the 20th century, at a time when automobiles were still a rarity. Its initial goal was simple: to encourage travel and thereby promote the use of tires. To assist drivers, the guide provided practical information on roads, repair shops, and places to eat. Over time, the publication underwent a profound transformation. Its restaurant reviews eventually became its most famous feature. Michelin stars gradually gained global influence over the reputations of restaurants and chefs. The guide reflects how mobility transforms eating habits. Traveling involves eating, discovering new places, and exploring culinary traditions. Tires, roads, and gastronomy are thus linked within a single narrative. The Michelin Guide perfectly illustrates the sometimes unexpected cultural consequences of technical innovation.Lire la suiteGuide Michelin

Indéfinition

zuanka

repère(s) :Japon

Before a fabric can be woven, it must first be conceived. The zuanka 図案家, or pattern designer, occupies a unique position in the Japanese textile industry. Their work consists of creating designs that are then translated into threads, colors, and weaving structures. They operate at the intersection of art and industry. The designer must understand the technical constraints of the craft while remaining attentive to changing tastes. Their creations respond to commercial demands but also contribute to the invention of new aesthetics. In certain periods, the best designers exert an influence comparable to that of contemporary fashion designers. Their work reveals the importance of imagination in an activity often perceived as purely artisanal.Lire la suitezuanka

Indéfinition

yukata

repère(s) :

The yukata 浴衣 is a Japanese garment that is often associated today with summer festivals and leisure time, although its history is more complex. Originally, it was a lightweight garment worn after bathing. Its popularity stems from a combination of comfort, simplicity, and elegance. Unlike some more formal garments, the yukata allows for great freedom in patterns and colors. Its development has helped support numerous textile industries across Japan. The fabrics used for yukata often reflect the evolving aesthetic tastes of a given era. Flowers, waves, geometric patterns, and seasonal motifs make up a particularly rich visual vocabulary. The yukata is an excellent example of a garment where everyday use and artistic creation intersect. Studying it allows us to explore the relationships between textiles, climate, and social interaction.Lire la suiteyukata

Indéfinition

teinture

repère(s) :

Textile dyeing is the process of coloring a textile material using dyes or pigments. It gives fibers, yarns, or fabrics a durable and uniform color. This technique has been used since ancient times to embellish clothing and upholstery fabrics. Dyes can be of natural origin, such as certain plants or insects, or of synthetic origin. Dyeing can be applied to various fibers, such as cotton, wool, silk, or polyester. The process relies on the penetration and fixation of the dye within the textile material. Several methods exist depending on the nature of the fiber and the desired result. Dyeing can be performed on the fiber, yarn, fabric, or finished garment. It generally requires the use of water, heat, and chemical auxiliaries. The quality of the dyeing is measured by its uniformity and washfastness. It must also be resistant to light, rubbing, and perspiration. The textile industry uses specialized equipment to control the process parameters. Recent innovations aim to reduce water consumption and environmental impacts. Dyeing plays an essential role in the aesthetics and commercial value of textile products. As such, it constitutes a fundamental step in the processing and finishing of textiles.Lire la suiteteinture

Indéfinition

tartan

repère(s) :Ecosse lgs celtiques

Tartan (or breacan) – Tartan is a checkered fabric generally associated with Scotland. Its appearance results from the regular interweaving of threads of different colors in the warp and weft. Although checkered fabrics exist in many parts of the world, tartan has taken on a special place in the Scottish imagination. Starting in the 18th century and especially in the 19th century, certain patterns gradually became associated with clans, families, or institutions. This evolution contributed to the construction of a modern national identity. Tartan demonstrates how a textile pattern can become a collective emblem. Its influence extends far beyond traditional clothing. It can be found in fashion, design, cultural movements, and even certain forms of social protest.Lire la suitetartan

Indéfinition

rouet

repère(s) :

The spinning wheel is a machine designed to transform fibers into continuous thread. Appearing in various forms across Eurasia during the Middle Ages, this invention profoundly transformed textile production capabilities. Before its development, spinning relied primarily on the hand-held spindle. The spinning wheel significantly speeds up the process through a wheel driven by the hand or foot, providing the motion needed to twist the fibers. The spinning wheel thus bridges the worlds of textiles and mechanics. It also holds an important place in European folklore, as evidenced by several famous tales. Its image evokes domestic labor, artisanal patience, and technical innovation.Lire la suiterouet

Indéfinition

orimono donya

repère(s) :

The orimono donya (織物問屋), or textile merchant, played a central role in the textile economy. Unlike the weaver, he generally did not produce the fabrics himself. His role was to organize the flow of goods, finance production, and connect workshops with urban markets. During the Edo period and later in the Meiji era, these merchants often served as the true orchestrators of the local textile system. They commissioned designs, provided capital, selected raw materials, and ensured sales in major consumer centers. The most prosperous built grand residences and participated in local public life. They embodied a form of commercial capitalism based as much on market knowledge as on risk management.Lire la suiteorimono donya

Indéfinition

obi

repère(s) :Japon

The obi 帯 is one of the most sophisticated forms of the sash. Its significance extends far beyond the realm of clothing. Over the centuries, its width, texture, color, and method of tying have signified age, social status, marital status, or even the ceremonial occasion. The knot at the back constitutes a true visual language. The obi is also a space for aesthetic invention where patterns inspired by nature, poetry, the seasons, or beliefs are displayed. It represents an interesting paradox: while it is a constraining element that holds the garment in place, it is also one of the primary vehicles for creativity. In the global history of costume, few objects have concentrated so many social and artistic meanings into a single strip of fabric. Its study opens up themes of weaving, the body, social representation, and the transmission of craftsmanship.Lire la suiteobi

Indéfinition

nishijin-ori

repère(s) :Japon Kyoto

Nishijin-ori 西陣織 is one of Japan’s most prestigious textile traditions. Developed in a historic district of Kyoto, it is distinguished by the richness of its patterns, the complexity of its weaves, and the use of particularly refined threads. For centuries, these fabrics have been associated with ceremonial garments, religious objects, and prestigious accessories. Nishijin-ori artisans often draw on skills passed down through several generations. Each fabric is the result of collaboration between designers, dyers, yarn preparers, and weavers. This collaborative process underscores that great artisanal traditions are rarely the work of a single individual. Nishijin-ori also stands as a remarkable example of the dialogue between conservation and innovation. Traditional techniques continue to be practiced while incorporating new materials and new uses.Lire la suitenishijin-ori

Indéfinition

navette

repère(s) :

The shuttle is one of the most important tools in the history of weaving. Its role is to carry the weft thread from one side of the loom to the other. This movement, repeated thousands of times, gradually produces the fabric. Behind its apparent simplicity lies a fundamental invention. The shuttle transforms a series of individual threads into a coherent and durable surface. In several languages, its name evokes the idea of movement or back-and-forth motion. Improvements to the shuttle played a decisive role in increasing textile productivity in the modern era.Lire la suitenavette

Indéfinition

métier Jacquard

repère(s) :France

The Jacquard loom, developed in the early 19th century by Joseph Marie Jacquard, marked a major revolution in the history of textiles. His innovation relied on the use of punch cards to automatically control the woven patterns. Thanks to this system, complex designs could be reproduced with unprecedented precision. The Jacquard loom profoundly transformed European textile industries and also influenced Asian production centers. Its significance, however, extends beyond the realm of textiles. The punch cards would later inspire several pioneers of computer science. The Jacquard loom is thus often presented as a forerunner of modern programmable systems. It demonstrates how an innovation born in the world of thread can alter the history of machinery. This convergence of craftsmanship, automation, and information remains one of the most fascinating episodes in industrial history. Here, textiles become a technological laboratory.Lire la suitemétier Jacquard